Stick Insects (Phasmids) in Space

Context - Selection of a Project for the ISS

What is a good project for secondary school students to work on related to the Internal Space station.

Working on projects related to the International Space Station (ISS) and amateur radio communication can be an exciting and educational experience for secondary school students. Here are five project ideas for students:

Amateur Radio Communication with the ISS:

• Students can work on setting up and operating an amateur radio station to communicate with astronauts aboard the ISS.
• They can learn about the technology, protocols, and procedures involved in this unique form of communication.

Tracking the ISS:

• Create a project where students learn to track the ISS as it orbits the Earth.
• They can use tracking software or develop their own programs to predict when the ISS will be visible from their location.
• This project combines astronomy and computer science.

Space Science Experiments:

• Students can design and propose simple science experiments that astronauts on the ISS can conduct.
• These experiments could focus on topics like microgravity effects, plant growth, or fluid dynamics.
• Learning how to design experiments for space conditions is an educational challenge.
• Growing Beyond Earth

Building a Ground Station:

• Have students build a ground station with tracking and communication capabilities for receiving signals from the ISS.
• This project combines engineering and technology skills.

Educational Outreach:

• Encourage students to develop educational materials and presentations about the ISS, space science, and amateur radio communication.
• They can share these resources with local schools or the community to raise awareness and interest in space-related topics.

These projects provide opportunities for students to develop a wide range of skills, from science and technology to communication and teamwork. They also offer a unique chance to engage with real-world space science and technology, making learning fun and hands-on.

Why Stick Insects (Phasmids)

Phasmids, commonly known as stick insects, can make interesting and relatively low-maintenance pets for those who have an interest in entomology and appreciate their unique qualities. Here are some positive qualities of stick insects as pets:

• Low Maintenance: Stick insects are relatively easy to care for and require minimal maintenance. They don't need much attention or specialized care, making them a good option for beginners.

• Educational Value: Keeping stick insects as pets can be an educational experience. Observing their behavior, molting, and other life cycle stages can be fascinating and a great learning opportunity, especially for children.

• Non-Aggressive: Stick insects are not aggressive and generally do not pose a threat to humans. They are easy to handle and do not bite or sting.

• Unique Appearance: The variety of stick insect species comes in different shapes, sizes, and colors, making them visually interesting and diverse.

• Long Lifespan: Many stick insect species have relatively long lifespans compared to other insects. Depending on the species, they can live for several months to a few years.

• Reproduction: Stick insects reproduce relatively easily in captivity, which can be an exciting aspect for those interested in breeding them.

• Interaction: While not affectionate or social in the way some pets are, stick insects can be handled and observed, which can be an enjoyable pastime for enthusiasts.

However, it's important to note that while stick insects can make good pets for some people, they are not suitable for everyone. They do have specific care requirements, such as appropriate housing, temperature, humidity, and food sources, so potential owners should research and be prepared to meet these needs.

Additionally, stick insects are primarily kept for observation and educational purposes, rather than as traditional pets for companionship. People looking for interactive or affectionate pets may find other animals more suitable.

Overall, the suitability of stick insects as pets depends on one's interests and commitment to providing proper care for these unique insects.

Designing a Space Habitat Module for Stick Insects

Creating a small tiny house model (40cm cubed) to simulate a space module for educational purposes is a fascinating and hands-on way for students to learn about space and air quality. Here are some steps to help you get started:

Materials Needed:

• Cardboard or foam board for the structure.
• Airtight and transparent container (plastic or glass) for the enclosure.
• Miniature furniture or fixtures for the interior.
• Sensors to monitor air quality (e.g., carbon dioxide sensor, temperature and humidity sensor).
• Raspberry Pi or Arduino for data collection and analysis.
• A small fan for air circulation.
• LED lights for simulation.
• Craft supplies for decoration.

Steps:

• Design Your Space Module:- Determine the layout of the space module. It should include sleeping quarters, a workspace, and life support systems.

• Build the Structure: - Construct the structure of your space module using cardboard or foam board. Ensure it's sturdy and can be easily assembled and disassembled.

• Create the Interior: - Furnish the interior with miniature furniture and fixtures to resemble a space module. Include bunk beds, a workbench, control panels, and more.

• Air Quality Monitoring: - Install sensors to monitor air quality inside the module. A carbon dioxide sensor is crucial for tracking CO2 levels. You can also add temperature and humidity sensors.

• Ventilation: - Install a small fan to simulate ventilation and air circulation within the module.

• Data Collection: - Connect the sensors to a Raspberry Pi or Arduino for data collection. Program the microcontroller to log data from the sensors at regular intervals.

• Lighting: - Use LED lights to simulate day-night cycles within the module. You can program the lights to change intensity to mimic different times of the day.

• Data Analysis: - Collect data over time and analyze it to monitor air quality. Use Python or other programming languages to create graphs and reports.

• Experimentation: - Conduct experiments to simulate changes in CO2 levels or temperature. For example, increase the number of occupants inside the module and observe the impact on air quality.

• Safety Measures: - Ensure that the model is safe and doesn't create any hazards. Use low-voltage components for sensors and lighting.

• Interior Design: - Decorate the exterior of the module to make it visually appealing and resemble a real space module.

• Education: - Use the model as an educational tool. Discuss space missions, life support systems, and the importance of monitoring air quality in space.

• Document and Share: - Encourage students to document their findings and experiences. Share your tiny house space module project with others as an educational resource.

This project is a creative way for students to gain insights into space modules and air quality monitoring. It can also foster an interest in space exploration and STEM fields.

How to care for Phasmids

Stick insects, also known as phasmids, are fascinating creatures to care for. They are relatively low-maintenance pets and don't require daily attention. However, they do need specific care to ensure their well-being. Here's how to care for stick insects:

Housing:

Stick insects need an enclosure that provides adequate space for their size and number. A small aquarium or plastic container with a well-ventilated lid can work. Ensure the enclosure is escape-proof because stick insects are excellent climbers and can fit through small openings.

Temperature and Humidity:

Most stick insects prefer a warm and humid environment. The ideal temperature range is typically between 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). Maintain humidity by misting the enclosure with water regularly. Use a hygrometer to monitor humidity levels. A heat lamp or heat mat may be necessary to maintain the appropriate temperature.

Substrate:

Line the bottom of the enclosure with a substrate. Suitable options include peat moss, coconut fiber, or vermiculite. The substrate should be kept slightly damp to maintain humidity.

Food and Water:

Stick insects feed on fresh, non-toxic leaves. Different species have varying dietary preferences, so research the specific needs of your stick insect. Place fresh leaves in the enclosure regularly. Monitor the leaves and replace them when they dry out or become consumed. Provide a shallow dish of water or mist the leaves for drinking. Ensure the water source is not deep to prevent drowning.

Cleaning:

Regularly remove any uneaten or decaying leaves to prevent mold and maintain cleanliness in the enclosure. 6. Handling:

Stick insects are generally not handled as they are delicate and can be harmed easily. If you must handle them, be gentle and use a soft touch. Avoid handling them when they have recently molted, as they are vulnerable during this time.

Mating and Eggs:

Stick insects reproduce through parthenogenesis, meaning they don't need males to lay eggs. Ensure you have enough space for potential offspring if you have females. Provide a suitable place for females to lay eggs, such as a container of damp sand or soil.

Regular Observation:

Although they don't require daily attention, make a habit of observing your stick insects regularly to check for signs of health and to monitor their behavior.

Species-Specific Care:

Stick insect care can vary between species, so it's essential to research and understand the specific requirements of your stick insects. With proper care, stick insects can thrive and be an exciting and educational pet. While they don't need daily attention, regular monitoring and care are essential to ensure their well-being and health.

What Australian Plants do Phasmids Eat?

Stick insects, or phasmids, in Australia can be fed a variety of native and non-native plant species. Australia has a diverse range of native plants that many stick insect species will readily consume. However, some phasmid species have more specific dietary preferences. Here are some examples of plants you can feed to phasmids in Australia:

• Eucalyptus Species: Many Australian stick insects, like the Extatosoma tiaratum (Giant Prickly Stick Insect), prefer eucalyptus leaves, which are readily available as they are commonly found in Australia.

• Acacia Species: Acacia leaves are also suitable for many stick insect species, as they are widely distributed throughout the country.

• She-oak (Allocasuarina): Some stick insect species, like Cigar Stick Insects (Cigarrophasma tessellatum), readily consume the leaves of she-oak trees.

• Wattle (Acacia): The leaves of various Acacia species are commonly eaten by stick insects and can be found in many parts of Australia.

• Privet: While it's not native to Australia, privet is an invasive species that is often used as food for phasmids because it's readily available and many species will eat it.

• Gum Trees (Angophora and Corymbia): Stick insects may consume the leaves of various gum tree species.

• Rosemary: Some species, such as the Goliath Stick Insect (Eurycnema goliath), will eat rosemary leaves, which are not native to Australia but are commonly cultivated.

• Bramble (Blackberry): Bramble leaves can be a suitable food source for some stick insects, although it's an introduced species in Australia.

When feeding your phasmids, it's crucial to ensure that the plant species you provide are free from pesticides or chemicals, as these can harm the insects. You should also regularly provide fresh leaves, as stick insects are selective feeders and will not consume wilted or dried-out leaves.

It's important to research the specific dietary preferences of the stick insect species you're caring for, as dietary requirements can vary between species. Some stick insects may have very specific plant preferences, while others are more generalist feeders. Additionally, make sure that the plants you collect for feeding are not endangered or protected species and that you have permission to collect them if needed.

Temperature and Humidity Conditions

• The ideal temperature and humidity for stick insects (phasmids) can vary depending on the species you are keeping.
• Australia is home to various species of stick insects, each with its own specific environmental requirements.
• Here are some general guidelines:

Temperature:

• Stick insects typically thrive at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F).
• Many species can tolerate a wide temperature range within this range.
• It's important to avoid extreme temperature fluctuations within their enclosure.

Humidity:

• Humidity requirements can vary among species. Some species prefer drier conditions, while others come from more humid environments.
• As a general guideline, aim for a humidity level of around 60% to 70%.
• You can adjust the humidity based on your specific stick insect species.
• Mist their enclosure with water as needed to maintain the desired humidity level.

Habitat Setup:

• Create a habitat that mimics the natural conditions of the stick insect's species.
• This includes providing appropriate substrate (e.g., leaves, branches) and maintaining the right temperature and humidity levels.
• Research the specific requirements for your species of stick insect to ensure their well-being.

Ventilation:

• Proper ventilation is important to prevent mold growth and maintain good air quality.
• Ensure that their enclosure has adequate airflow without causing temperature or humidity extremes.

Lighting:

• Most stick insects are nocturnal and do not require special lighting.
• Natural ambient lighting is usually sufficient for them.

Remember that there are many species of stick insects, so it's crucial to research and understand the specific requirements of the species you are keeping. Additionally, monitoring their behavior and well-being can help you make adjustments to the habitat's conditions as needed.

As an example, common Australian stick insect species like the Goliath Stick Insect (Eurycnema goliath) and the Children's Stick Insect (Tropidoderus childreni) are known to do well within the temperature and humidity ranges mentioned above. However, there are many other Australian stick insect species, so be sure to identify and research the specific needs of your particular species.